3D Tutorial - Steaming coffee cup with 3ds MAX
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6. The Material
Now lets create the material for the steam. This needs to be a transparent material, but with steam the amount of transparancy varies depending on the concentration of vapour at a given point. Make a new Phong material & set the glossiness and specular to 0 ( steam is matt - you don't want any glancing highlights).
Set the opacity to 10. Colour is grey 237.
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7. Falloff
To help produce the effect we need we'll use a falloff map in the diffuse slot. Make sure you're using Perpendicular/parallel in the falloff type under falloff parameters. take a look in your max help index to find a definition of falloff maps. A quick look at the image examples you'll find there & you'll see why falloff maps are well adapted to our steamy material.
Leave the diffuse amount at 100 for the falloff map.
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An example of falloff !
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8. Gradient Map
In an attempt to make the steam appear more dispersed at it gets further away from the coffee, we can apply a linear gradient map to the opacity slot ! Quite simply, a gradient map shades from one colour to another. By using black & white as your begining and end colours & applying the linear gradient to the materials opacity, you vary the objects opacity based on vertical position. Set the opacity amount to 30 and you're material is finished !
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9. Final Tip
Render your coffee cup scene & see what you get !
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There's yer steamy cup !! However, the reflections are a bit dull and washed out ! To improve your reflections you can add an environment map with modified outpt settings - a kind of fake HDRI effect !
In the final scene below I've added a panoramic JPEG image to the environment with spherical mapping. The JPEG image that I've used was created by opening a HDR image in HDRShop and saving it as a jpeg (destination image set to Latitude/Longitude). See the tutorial on HDRI reflections for more about using HDRShop & HDRI if you're not familiar. To extend the range of your low dynamic range JPEG image - boost the bitmaps RGB Level under the Output Rollout !
Study the sample file for yourself if your not sure how to set this up :) Enjoy ...
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